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Original Articles

Ten-year longitudinal study of the effect of impulse noise exposure from gunshot on inner ear function

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Pages 655-660 | Received 30 Nov 2008, Published online: 09 Sep 2009
 

Abstract

This longitudinal study investigated how chronic gunshot noise exposure affects cochlear and saccular function in police officers who engaged in regular target shooting practice using dual protection (ear plugs plus earmuffs) for >10 years. In 1997, 20 male police officers underwent audiometry before and two weeks after shooting. Twelve of the original subjects were re-examined by audiometry coupled with vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test in 2007. Significant deterioration of mean hearing thresholds at frequencies of 500 Hz through 4000 Hz was noted ten years later, affecting both ears. However, only the frequencies of 4000 and 6000 Hz on the left ear revealed significant difference in mean hearing thresholds compared with healthy controls. Abnormal VEMP responses were evident in nine police officers (75%), including absent VEMPs 7 and delayed VEMPs 2. In conclusion, deterioration to hearing may occur after long term exposure to gunshots, even when double hearing protection is used. Further study is in progress regarding how to preserve both cochlear and saccular function during long term gunshot exposure.

Abbreviations
EMG=

Electromyography

SCM=

Sternocleidomastoid

VEMP=

Vestibular evoked myogenic potential

Abbreviations
EMG=

Electromyography

SCM=

Sternocleidomastoid

VEMP=

Vestibular evoked myogenic potential

Sumario

Este estudio longitudinal investigó cómo la exposición crónica a ruido de disparo con arma de fuego afecta la función coclear y sacular en los oficiales de policía que practican con regularidad el tiro al blanco utilizando doble protección (tapones y orejeras) por >10 años. En 1997, 20 oficiales del sexo masculino se sometieron a audiometrías antes y dos semanas después de tirar. Doce de esos sujetos fueron re-examinados en 2007 con audiometría y potenciales evocados vestibulares miogénicos. Se observó que 10 años después había un deterioro de los umbrales promedio en las frecuencias de 500 a 4000Hz en ambos oídos. Sin embargo, sólo las frecuencias de 4000 a 6000 z en el oído izquierdo revelaron una diferencia significativa en el promedio de los umbrales comparados con los sujetos del grupo control. Nueve oficiales (75%) de policía presentaban respuestas anormales en los VEMP, incluyendo ausencia de los potenciales en 7 y retardo en 2. En conclusión, el deterioro de la audición puede ocurrir después de la exposición prolongada de disparos con arma de fuego aun cuando se utilice doble protección. Otro estudio está en proceso sobre la función coclear y sacular durante la exposición prolongada de disparos con arma de fuego.

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