New K-Oximes (K-27 and K-48) in Comparison with Obidoxime (LuH-6), HI-6, Trimedoxime (TMB-4), and Pralidoxime (2-PAM): Survival in Rats Exposed IP to the Organophosphate Paraoxon

ABSTRACT

Oximes are cholinesterase reactivators used in organophosphorus compound poisoning. The purpose of the study was to compare the protective effect of the K-oximes (K-27 and K-48) in male rats with that of obidoxime (LuH-6), trimedoxime (TMB-4), and HI-6, using paraoxon (POX) as a cholinesterase inhibitor. Pralidoxime (2-PAM) was also retested.

Seven groups of six rats each were used. Group 1 (G₁) received 1 μmol/rat POX (≈ LD₇₅), the other groups (G_2–7) received 1 μmol/rat POX + one of the six reactivators. The animals were monitored for 48 h and time of mortality was recorded. The procedure was repeated seven times. Subsequently, experiments as described were repeated using 10 and 15 μmol/rat POX. Mortality data were compared and hazards ratios (relative risks) ranked with the Cox proportional hazards model using the POX dose and group (reactivator) as time-independent covariables.

K-27 followed by K-48 were the most potent reactivators. K-27 was statistically significantly superior to all other reactivators except K-48. The relative risk of death estimated by Cox analysis in K-27– and K-48–treated animals when compared with untreated animals, adjusted for the POX dose, was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.31) and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.37), respectively.

We concluded that in the animal model used K-27 and K-48 are superior to older oximes in their ability to protect from paraoxon effects. They should be tested further using methyl- and propyl-organophosphates as toxic agents.

KEYWORDS :

• Organophosphate
• Oxime
• K-Oxime
• Paraoxon
• Cholinesterase
• Rat