https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-865X
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ABSTRACT
The current study is to determine the overall performance of a compression ignition engine (CI) employing a B30 (30% Yellow Oleander Methyl Ester (YOME) and 70% diesel) sample including nano and alcohol additives. Initially, the surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (at a dosage of 60 mg/L) are sonicated in the B30 blend for 30 mins at 40 kHz and termed B30CNTs60. It was found to be quite stable as evidenced by characterization. The B30CNTs60 blend is then blended with a fixed volume (10%) of n-Butanol, iso-Butanol, and Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC), and referred to as B30CNTs60+n-Butanol10%, B30CNTs60+iso-Butanol10%, and B30CNTs60+DMC 10%. The physicochemical properties of all fuel samples met ASTM criteria and samples were experimented on a 1-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine under varying loads. The results revealed that the B30CNTs60+DMC 10% blend enhanced heat release rate (HRR), cylinder pressure (CP), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 11.2%, 8.64%, and 11.92%, respectively. Furthermore, with B30CNTs60+DMC 10% blend, the combustion duration, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke opacity were reduced by 10.9%, 15.62%, 18.24%, 18.78%, 8.12%, 6.75%, and 10.92% respectively. Finally, the B30CNTs60+DMC 10% blend was suggested to use in CI engines.
Nomenclature
| ASTM | = | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| B30 | = | 30% biodiesel added in 70% diesel |
| B30CNTs60 | = | CNTs at a dosage of 60mg/L blended in B30 blend |
| B30CNTs60+DMC 10% | = | 10% of DMC was blended in B30CNTs60 |
| B30CNTs60+iso-Butanol 10% | = | 10% of iso-Butanol was blended in B30CNTs60 |
| B30CNTs60+n-Butanol 10% | = | 10% of n-Butanol was blended in B30CNTs60 |
| BSFC | = | Brake specific fuel consumption |
| BTE | = | Brake thermal efficiency |
| CI | = | Compression ignition |
| CNT | = | Carbon nanotubes |
| CO | = | Carbon monoxid |
| CO2 | = | Carbon dioxide |
| Cp | = | Cloud point |
| Cp | = | Cylinder pressure |
| DEE | = | Diethyl ether |
| DMC | = | Dimethyl Carbonate |
| GHG | = | Green house gas emissions |
| GNP | = | Graphene nanoparticles |
| HC | = | Hydrocarbon |
| HRR | = | Heat release rate |
| ID | = | Ignition delay |
| NOx | = | Nitrogen oxide |
| PM | = | Particle matter |
| Pp | = | Pour point |
| VOCs | = | Volatile organic compounds |
| YOME | = | Yellow Oleander Methyl Ester |
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam Campus, for providing laboratory facilities for the research. The authors would also like to thank the Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF) at IIT Bombay for analyzing the sample.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
The data is available in the manuscript.
Correction Statement
This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Joga Rao Bikkavolu
Mr. Joga Rao Bikkavolu is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department, GIET(A), Rjy. He received his M. Tech from NIT-Trichy in the year of 2010. He has 13 Years of Teaching experience, which includes 3 years of research. He published 25 research articles, 2 books, and filed 2 patents in various reputed journals. His Research Interests include: Alternative fuels, Nano additives, Bio-Lubricants, and Emission reduction techniques.
Srinivas Vadapalli
Prof. Srinivas Vadapalli, working as a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, India. He has rich experience in Teaching and Research. He published more than 100 journal Papers in various Reputed journals. He has 10 Patents. He was awarded as best Teacher and best Researcher By GITAM.
Kodanda Rama Rao Chebattina
Dr. Kodanda Rama Rao Chebattina, working as Asst. Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, India. He has rich experience in Teaching and Research. He published more than 30 journal Papers in various Reputed journals and has 3 Patents.
Gandhi Pullagura
Mr. Gandhi Pullagura is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, A.P. In June 2011, he received his Post Graduation from the National Institute of Technology in Rourkela, Odisha. He has rich experience in Teaching and Research. He published more than 25 journal Papers in various Reputed journals and has 3 Patents. He has 13 Years of teaching experience. His research interests cover Alternative fuels, Nano additives, and Fuel cell.