https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4241-3359
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ABSTRACT
The transportation industry is most concerned about the rising cost of fossil fuels and the deterioration of the environment. Although many alternative fuels currently have enhanced performance characteristics, continuous research attempts to further enhance their quality even more. This research focuses on improving fuel quality by incorporating Waste vegetable oil biodiesel derived from Liza oil and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT). The combination of these factors results in a novel approach that uses experimental and parametric optimization to outperform current constraints in alternative fuels. The objective of this study is to compare the performance and emission characteristics of several blends of diesel, including B10 (20% biodiesel + 500 ppm BHT + diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel + 1000 ppm BHT + diesel), B30 (20% biodiesel + 1500 ppm BHT + diesel), B40 (20% biodiesel + 2000 ppm BHT + diesel), and B50 (20% biodiesel + 2500 ppm BHT + diesel). The tests were carried out at a variety of engine loads and speeds. The performance of Liza oil blends, as assessed by engine performance and emissions characteristics, was found to be comparable to that of diesel. Mechanical and brake thermal efficiency was determined to be highest for the B30 and B40 mixtures. The Liza oil Biodiesel operation exhibited fewer hydrocarbon emissions than the diesel fuel mode at B20. The D-optimal design was utilized for the experiment design. The data collected was used for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the development of mathematical expression for each response variable. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the development of response surfaces to explore the effects of control factors on each response variable. The most favorable results were obtained using desirability-based optimization at 8.22 kg engine load and 500 ppm BTH concentration. It resulted in 20.04% brake thermal efficiency, 0.4 kg/kWh brake specific fuel consumption, 39% mechanical efficiency, 0.028 Vol.% carbon mono-oxide, 7.39% carbon-di-oxide, 39.16 ppm hydrocarbon, and 1230 ppm nitrogen oxide as response variables.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Van Nhanh Nguyen
Dr. Van Nhanh Nguyen is a lecturer at HUTECH University. Dr. Van Giao Nguyen is a member of the AME Research Group at his university since 2022. His research interests include automobile engineering, biofuels, emission management, and general energy.
R. Ganapathi
Dr. R. Ganapati is an accomplished academic professional currently serving as an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at ANURAG Engineering College (AUTONOMOUS) in KODAD, Telangana, India. Dr. Ganapati holds a Ph.D. from JNTUA. With a wealth of 15 years of experience in teaching and research, he has made substantial contributions to his field. His academic journey is marked by a remarkable publication record, encompassing 35 research papers published in prestigious national and international journals.
B. Omprakash
Dr. B. Omprakash is an accomplished academic professional currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh. He holds a Ph.D. in Thermal Science from JNT University Anantapur. His research interests primarily focus on experimental investigations in the field of internal combustion engines, particularly in areas such as ignition systems and alternative fuels. Dr. Omprakash has a substantial publication record, including papers in renowned journals and conferences, and he has also contributed to a patented technology related to effective solar-thermal plants.
Prabhakar Sharma
Prabhakar Sharma is associated with Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, Delhi, India as an Asst. Professor. He has 13 Years of Academic Experience. He did his PhD in Artificial intelligence-based renewable energy system modeling. He has authored several journal papers in International Collaborations and attended international conferences. He has research interest in renewable energy, emission reduction and artificial intelligence. Presently working on AI based research on Intelligent systems, fuel additives, hybrid nanofluids, and biomass gasification.
Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham
Dr. Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham is a lecturer at Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport. He received the Ph.D degree from Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam in 2021. His research interests lie in the fields of Renewable energy, Alternative fuels, Maritime Safety, and Engineering Transport. Dr. Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham is a member of Progress of Applied Technology and Engineering in Transport Research Group (PATET) at the University since 2022.
Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen
Dr. Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen is a lecturer at Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. He received the Ph.D in 2014. His research interests lie in the fields of Renewable energy, Alternative fuels, Maritime Safety, and Engineering Transport. Dr. Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen is a member of Progress of Applied Technology and Engineering in Transport Research Group (PATET) at the University since 2022.
Viet Dung Tran
Dr. Viet Dung Tran is a lecturer at Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport. He received the Ph.D. degree of Mechanical Engineering from Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam in 2021. His research interests lie in the fields of Renewable energy, Alternative fuels, Maritime Safety, and Engineering Transport. Dr. Viet Dung Tran is a member of Progress of Applied Technology and Engineering in Transport Research Group (PATET) at the University since 2022.
Duc Trong Nguyen Le
Duc Trong Nguyen Le is a lecturer at the Faculty of Automotive Engineering, Dong A University, Danang, Vietnam. His research interests include automobile engineering, biofuels, emission management, and general energy.