Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle Tilapia spp fish: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and non-carcinogenic risk assessment

Abstract

The consumption of marine foods such as Tilapia spp fish offers several beneficial nutrition effects, however, it can endanger the health of humans while contains a high concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In this work, the related studies regarding the concentration of PTEs in Tilapia fish were collected by searching among some databases such as the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase. Furthermore, the concentration of PTEs in Tilapia spp fish was meta-analyzed by the aid of the random effect model (REM). Additionally, the non-carcinogenic risk in both adults and children due to the ingestion of PTEs via consumption of Tilapia spp fish was estimated by calculating target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). Meta-analysis of 79 articles (87 data) showed that rank order of PTEs (mg/kg) in Tilapia spp fish was Fe (9.925)>Zn (1.556)>Mn (1.065)>Cr (0.627)>Cu (0.485)>Pb (0.218)>Ni (0.217)>As (0.140)>Hg (0.113)>Cd (0.107). The rank order of PTEs based on their quota in TTHQ was As (86.21%)>Hg (4.01%)>Ni (2.96%)>Pb (2.32%)>Zn (1.38%)>Fe (1.21%)>Cu (0.95%)>Cd (0.80%)>Cr (0.10%)>Mn (0.06%). Also, the non-carcinogenic risk assessment shows that TTHQ for both adults and children consumers was lower than 1, demonstrating no considerable non-carcinogenic risk in all countries.

Highlights

• Meta-analysis of data from of 79 articles (87 data-reports) was conducted.

• The order of PTEs was Fe > Zn > Mn > Cr > Cu » Ni > As > Hg > Cd.

• Quota of As (86.21%) in TTHQ was higher than others PTEs.

• Consumers are not at the considerable non-carcinogenic risk in all countries.

Keywords:

• Tilapia spp fish
• potentially toxic elements
• meta-analysis
• non-carcinogenic risk
• food safety

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Student Research Committee at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences for the financial grants of this study (1397/75743).