ERRATUM

Grunze H et al.: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: Update 2009 on the Treatment of Acute Mania

World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2009;10:85-116

DOI: 10.1080/15622970902823202

Page 103, Table V,

Column 4, first line under the Heading “Typically recommended daily dose for adults (variations may occur due to different approvals)” was erroneously written without a hyphen as 1530 mg. The correct version should read 15-30 mg.

The publishers would like to apologize for this typing error. The correct Table V is shown below.

Table V.  Categories of evidence (CE) and grade of recommendation (RG) for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments used in acute mania (in alphabetical order within one category of evidence)

Medication	Category of evidence (CE)	Recommendation Grade	Typically recommended daily dose for adults ( variations may occur due to different approvals)
Aripiprazole	A	1	15–30 mg
Asenapine	A	2	10–20 mg
Carbamazepine	A	2	600–1200 mg (serum level 4–15 mg/l)
Haloperidol	A	2	5–20 mg
Lithium	A	2^7	600–1200 mg (serum level 0.8–1.3 mmol)
Olanzapine	A	2	10–20 mg^8
Quetiapine	A	2	400–800 mg
Risperidone	A	1	2–6 mg
Valproate	A	1^9	1200–3000 mg (loading dose 20–30 mg/kg body weight; serum level 75–100 mg)
Ziprasidone	A	1^10	80–160 mg
Chlorpromazine	B	3	300–1000 mg
Paliperidone	B	3	3–12 mg; only 12 mg/d achieves “B” level
Phenytoin	B	3	300–400 mg
Pimozide	B	3	2–16 mg
Tamoxifen	B	3	40–80 mg
Amisulpride	C1	4	400–800 mg
Clonazepam	C1	4	2–8 mg
Clozapine	C1	4	100–300 mg
Levetiracetam	C1	4	500–1500 mg
Lorazepam	C1	4	4–8 mg
Nimodipine	C1	4	240–480 mg
Oxcarbazepine	C1	4	900–1800 mg
Retigabine	C1	4	600–1200 mg
Zonisamide	C1	4	100–500 mg
Zotepine	C1	4	200–400 mg
Verapamil	D	5	480 mg
Lamotrigine	E	–	50–200 mg
Topiramate	E	–	200–600mg
Gabapentin	E	–	900–3600 mg
Tiagabine	F	–	20–40 mg
Pregabalin	F	–	1800 mg
ECT	C1	4	Reserved for treatment refractory mania and special issues (e.g., as alternative option in pregnancy)
rTMS	E	–

⁷ If long-term treatment is considered at the same time, the RG for lithium is “1”.

⁸ A fixed dose of 20 mg olanzapine was sufficient to demonstrate significant antimanic effects in females with moderate to severe mania (Bech et al. 2006). However, females achieve significantly higher plasma concentrations of olanzapine than males (Kelly et al. 1999, 2006). This may imply that higer doses are needed in males with moderate to severe mania (Goodwin and Jamison 2007).

⁹ Valproate is not recommended as first choice treatment (RG “1”) in women of child-bearing age.

¹⁰ The RG for ziprasidone is “2” in countries where its use is restricted due to regulatory order.