Chemical compositions and cytotoxicity effects of essential oils from the leaves and pseudo-stems of Curcuma zedoaroides Chaveer. & Tanee collected in Vietnam

Abstract

In this study, chemical components and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from Curcuma zedoaroides Chaveer. & Tanee growing wild in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam, were investigated. The essential oils of C. zedoaroides were obtained through hydrodistillation with contents of 0.38% and 0.1% in C. zedoaroides leaves (CZL) and C. zedoaroides pseudo-stems (CZPS), respectively (based on dried herbal materials). Using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, 48 volatile compounds were identified in the CZL essential oil. The major components of the CZL essential oil were curdione (14.05%), 1,8-cineole (8.88%), camphor (7.06%), trans-β-elemenone (6.65%), (E)-β-farnesene epoxide (6.44%), curzerene (5.20%), isoborneol (4.75%), β-elemene (3.41%), endo-borneol (3.07%), camphene (2.87%), humulene (2.47%), and γ-elemene (2.22%). Besides, 47 components were determined in the CZPS essential oil with the significant components of curzerene (11.72%), trans-β-elemenone (10.64%), curdione (9.79%), β-elemene (6.77%), (E)-β-farnesene epoxide (6.71%), humulene (6.37%), cis-β-elemenone (3.81%), γ-elemene (3.55%), camphor (3.41%), germacrone (2.83%), and isoborneol (2.39%). The CZL essential oil showed weak cytotoxic activity against tested cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, HepG2, HT29, HL-60, K562, and MDA-MB-231) with IC₅₀ values in the range of 43.88 to 81.32 μg/mL. This study is the first information on the chemical compositions of the CZL and CZPS essential oils of C. zedoaroides, as well as the cytotoxicity of the CZL essential oil.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Curcuma zedoaroides
• Essential oil
• GC/MS
• Cytotoxicity