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Research Article

Continuity and discontinuity of rituals: Covid-19 pandemic in Southern Africa

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Abstract

The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019 gave way to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic that changed the world. These changes impacted many spheres of ritualised social life, including burial, funerary and cultural rituals, and rites of passage. In this article, we focus on the reorganisation of life and the reimagining of rituals arising from the Covid-19 pandemic in relation to ancestral veneration in Cacadu and Queenstown (Eastern Cape, South Africa), burial practices amongst Basotho (Lesotho), state funerals in Lusaka (Zambia), funerary and mortuary practice generally in South Africa, and everyday cultural practices of care in Eldorado Park (Gauteng, South Africa). In these sites, lockdown regulations saw ritual, burial and funerary practices carried out in novel, uncanny ways that unsettled communal support systems and obligations. This included the slaughtering of animals, or lack thereof, and changes in customary mourning practices at both communal and state level. In extrapolating the above, this article relies on ethnographic data gathered by way of in-depth interviews, participant observation and auto-ethnography, to explore and discuss how the pandemic has changed and (re)shaped burial, ritual and funerary practices in Southern Africa.

O aparecimento do vírus SARS-CoV-2 no final de 2019 deu lugar à pandemia de coronavírus (Covid-19), que mudou o mundo. Estas mudanças tiveram impacto em muitas esferas da vida social ritualizada, incluindo sepultamentos, rituais funerários e culturais e ritos de passagem. Neste artigo, focamos na reorganização da vida e na reimaginação dos rituais, decorrentes da pandemia de Covid-19, em relação à veneração ancestral em Cacadu e Queenstown (Cabo Oriental, África do Sul), às práticas funerárias entre os Basoto (Lesoto), aos funerais de Estado em Lusaca (Zâmbia), às práticas funerárias e mortuárias em geral na África do Sul e às práticas culturais cotidianas de cuidado em Eldorado Park (Gauteng, África do Sul). Nestes locais, as regras de confinamento levaram a práticas rituais, funerárias e de sepultamento realizadas de formas novas e incomuns, que perturbaram os sistemas de apoio comunitário e as obrigações. Isto incluiu o abate de animais, ou a falta dele, e mudanças nas práticas costumeiras de luto, tanto em nível comunitário quanto estatal. Ao extrapolar o apontado acima, este artigo baseia-se em dados etnográficos coletados através de entrevistas aprofundadas, observação participante e autoetnografia, para explorar e discutir como a pandemia mudou e (re)moldou práticas rituais, funerárias e de sepultamento na África Austral.

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