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Research Article

Map rooms and cartographic sections: the tactical mapmaking of the American expeditionary force in the Great War

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Received 24 Aug 2023, Accepted 08 Nov 2023, Published online: 15 Mar 2024
 

ABSTRACT

The Great War of 1914-1918 marked important developments in the evolution of military cartography. While recent research has examined these developments in the context of the European belligerent armies, including those of the British, Italians, and Germans, little research has explored the mapmaking efforts of the American forces that participated in the closing months of the conflict. This paper examines how the Army- and Corps-level headquarters of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France used tactical maps to visualize spatial information and control the operations of subordinate forces on the battlefield to better understand how these novel mapmaking processes developed. The research draws upon archival records—including the AEF's maps and official documents—to understand how the AEF acted as a cartographic system that collected, transmitted, mapped, and distributed spatial information. The research indicates that the AEF mapmakers learned from the cartographic techniques of the other allied armies to develop a form and language of cartography that was distinct to the American army in France. These results reinforce the conclusions of other scholars that have argued that the Great War marks an important point in the evolution of military cartography.

La première guerre Mondiale de 1914-1918 a induit d'importantes évolutions de la cartographie militaire. Alors que de nombreuses recherches récentes ont étudié ces évolutions pour les armées belligérantes, dont celles des Anglais, Italiens et Allemands, relativement peu de travaux ont exploré les efforts cartographiques des forces américaines qui ont participé aux derniers mois du conflit. Cet article examine comment les quartiers généraux de l'American Expeditionary Force (AEF) en France ont utilisé des cartes tactiques pour visualiser les informations spatiales et contrôler les opérations des forces subordonnées sur le champ de bataille afin de mieux comprendre comment ces nouveaux processus de cartographie se sont développés. La recherche s'appuie sur des documents d'archives - dont les cartes et les documents officiels de l'AEF, ainsi que des documents personnels de cartographes américains - pour comprendre comment l'AEF a agi comme un acteur cartographique collectant, transmettant, cartographiant et distribuant l'information géographique. La recherche montre que les cartographes de l'AEF se sont inspirés des techniques cartographiques des autres armées alliées pour développer une forme et un langage cartographiques propres à l'armée américaine en France. Ces résultats renforcent les conclusions d'autres chercheurs qui ont affirmé que la Grande Guerre marque une étape importante dans l'évolution de la cartographie militaire.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Joel Radunzel

Joel Radunzel graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point with a BS in Geography in 2006 and earned a MA in Geography from Syracuse University in 2015. He is an active duty officer in the US Army whose research focuses on the history of military cartography and the environmental impacts of war.

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