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Original

THE ROLE OF AGGRESSION-RELATED ALCOHOL EXPECTANCIES IN EXPLAINING THE LINK BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

, Ph.D., , Ph.D. & , Ph.D.
Pages 457-471 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Studies have demonstrated an acute effect of alcohol on violent behavior. A remaining issue is the motivation of some offenders for using alcohol before offending. A common explanation is based on the relationship between daily drinking habit and drinking before offending. Drawing upon the deviance disavowal assumption, the embolden hypothesis, and expectancy theories, the present study argues that alcohol may be used intentionally to promote or excuse the violent consequences of drinking. Using data from the 1993 Buffalo Longitudinal Study of Young Men, the present study examines the independent effect of aggression-related alcohol expectancies on drinking before offending and the interactive effect of aggression-related alcohol expectancies and daily alcohol consumption on drinking before offending. The results indicate a significant effect of aggression-related alcohol expectancies on alcohol use before offending. This supports the argument that drinking may be a means for carrying out violent acts. A significant interactive effect was found between aggression-related alcohol expectancies and daily alcohol consumption. “Heavy” daily alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of drinking before offending for individuals who had high aggression-related alcohol expectancies more than those who had low such expectancies. Aggression-related alcohol expectancies moderated the effect of daily drinking on drinking before offending. The implications of these findings are discussed for the link between alcohol and violence.

RESUMEN

Los estudios han demostrado un efecto extremo del alcohol sobre el comportamiento violento. La cuestión restante es el motivo de los delincuentes de tomar alcohol antes de cometer un delito. Una explicación común se basa en la relación ente lo habitual de tomar alcohol diariamente y tomarlo antes de cometer un delito. Basado en la suposición de la anormalidad de la desaprobación, la hipótesis de envalentonar, y las teorias expectativas, los estudios de hoy arguyen que el alcohol se puede usar intencionalmente para promover o perdonar las consecuencias violentas de tomar alcohol. Utilizando los datos de un estudio de los jóvenes muchachos (Buffalo Longitudinal Study of Young Men), el estudio examina el efecto independiente de las expectativas alcohólicas agresivas sobre tomar alcohol antes de cometer un delito. Los resultados indican un efecto significativo de las expectativas alcohólicas y agresivas sobre el uso de alcohol antes de cometer un delito, además del efecto de tomar alcohol diariamente. Esto se relaciona con el argumento que tomar alcohol puede ser un medio de cometer actos violentos. Un efecto significativo se encontró entre las expectativas agresivas del alcohol y el consumo diario de alcohol. El consumo diario muy fuerte aumentó la probabilidad de tomar alcohol antes de cometer un delito por los individuos que tenían las expectativas alcohólicas muy altas más que los que tenían las expectativas muy bajas. Las expectativas alcohólicas que se relacionan a la agresión moderaron el efecto de tomar diariamente sobre el acto de tomar alcohol antes de cometer un delito. Las implicaciones de este estudio se discuten por el enlace entre el alcohol y la violencia.

RÉSUMÉ

Plusieures études ont mis en évidence le rôle déterminant de l’alcool sur la conduite agressive. La question qui se pose est de savoir la motivation des contravenants à consommer de l’alcool avant de commetre des actes violents. La réponse qu’on trouve souvent est formulée à partir de la relation entre la consommation régulière et la consommation occasionelle d’alcool. L’étude que je propose s’appuie sur l’hypothèse du rejet de la conduite contraventionelle, sur l’hypothese de l’effet stimulatif de l’alcool et sur les théories probabilistes et veut démontrer que l’alcool pourrait ètre invoqué intentionellement, comme excuse ou comme raison du comportement agressif. Utilisant des données tirées du Buffalo Longitudinal Study of Young Men, I’étude concerne l’effet de l’attente d’une conduite aggressive suite à l’ingestion d’alcool sur la consommation avant de commetre des actes de violence et l’interaction entre l’effet de l’attente d’une conduite agressive suite à l’ingestion d’alcool et la consommation courante d’alcool sur l’ingestion d’alcool avant de commetre des actes de violence. Les résultats mettent en evidence une influence significative de l’attente d’une conduite agressive sur l’ingestion d’alcool avant de commetre des actes de violence, qui est bien supérieure à celle exercée par la consommation courante d’alcool. Cela prouve que la consommation d’alcool peut servir de moyen pour commetre des actions reprobables. On a enregistré une intéraction significative entre l’attente d’un comportement agressif après l’ingestion d’alcool et l’usage courant d’alcool. Un usage courant important d’alcool est plus susceptible de mener à la consommation d’alcool avant de commetre des actions réprobables chez les personnes qui ont une grande attente d’une conduite agressive que chez les personnes chez qui cette attente n’est pas très importante. Les enjeux de ces résultats vont être discutés dans le contexte de la relation entre l’alcool et la violence.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Lening Zhang

Lening Zhang is Assistant Professor of Sociology and Criminology at the Saint Francis University (Loretto, PA). He has published numerous articles in the fields of criminology, criminal justice, and substance use. His current research focuses on the relationship of substance use to criminal offending and a comparative study of crime and criminal justice in the United States and China.

John W. Welte

John W. Welte is a Senior Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions in Buffalo, NY. His research interests include the substance abuse/crime nexus, the epidemiology of substance use, and the etiology and epidemiology of pathological gambling. He is currently principal investigator of a national survey of pathological gambling.

William W. Wieczorek

William Wieczorek is Director of the Center for Health and Social Research at the State University College at Buffalo. His research interests include the substance use/crime nexus, geographic influences on alcohol and drug use, and intervention with DWI offenders. He is currently principal investigator of a study of geographic influences on the health outcomes of drug use.

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