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Original

Attitudes and Behaviors with Regards to Androgenic Anabolic Steroids Among Male Adolescents in a County of Sweden

, M.D., Ph.D., , M.D., Ph.D., , M.D., Ph.D., , M.D., Ph.D. & , M.D., Ph.D.
Pages 1183-1197 | Published online: 26 Aug 2004
 

Abstract

This study investigates attitudes toward androgenic anabolic steroids among male adolescents who have used anabolics compared with those who have not. A cross-sectional survey was performed in the year 2000 in all secondary schools in the county of Halland on the west coast of Sweden. An anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire was distributed to all classes with 14-, 16-, and 18-year-old male adolescents. The response rate was 92.7% (n = 4049). Those who admitted having used androgenic anabolic steroids differed in several ways from those who had not. Fewer believed androgenic anabolic steroids to be harmful (OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.08–0.30) and more believed that girls preferred boys with large muscles (OR = 6.1, 95% CI 3.4–11.0). They trained more often at gyms (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 3.0–10.6), drank more alcohol (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.0–9.1), and had used narcotic drugs more often (OR = 15.3, 95% CI 8.5–27.5) than the other male adolescents. More immigrants than native-born adolescents had used anabolics (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.2–7.9). Attitudes toward anabolics differ between users and nonusers. These aspects may be beneficial to focus on as one part of a more complex intervention program in order to change these attitudes and decrease the misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids.

Resumen

El propósito de este estudio era investigar las actitudes sobre el uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos en adolescentes varones que los han usado comparado con otros que no los han utilizado. Un estudio transversal fue realizado en el año 2000 incluyendo a todos los estudiantes en las escuelas secundarias del distrito de Halland, en la costa oeste de Suecia. Un cuestionario anónimo con preguntas de múltiple escoge fue distribuido a todos los estudiantes varones con 14, 16 y 18 años de edad. La tasa de respuesta fue del 92.7 % (n = 4,049). Aquellos que admitieron haber usado esteroides anabólicos androgénicos eran diferentes, en muchos aspectos, de aquellos que no los habían usado. Pocos de los que consumían anabólicos androgénicos creían que eran dañinos (OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.08–0.30) y más de ellos creían que las jóvenes prefieren jóvenes musculosos (OR = 6.1, 95% CI 3.4–11.0). Ellos se ejercitan más frecuentemente en gimnasios (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 3.0–10.6), consumían más bebidas alcohólicos (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.0–9.1) y han usado más frecuentemente narcóticos (OR = 15.3, 95% CI 8.5–27.5) que aquellos que no las habían usado. Más inmigrantes, que los nacidos en Suecia, han usado anabólicos (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.2–7.9). Las actitudes acerca de los anabólicos es diferente entre los que las consumen de aquellos que no las consumen. Estos aspectos podrían ser adecuados de enfocar dentro de un programa complejo que desee cambiar estas actitudes y disminuir el abuso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos.

Résumé

L’objectif était d’étudier les attitudes envers les stéroïdes androgènes anabolisants parmi des adolescents masculins qui ont utilisés des anaboliques par rapport à ceux qui ne l’ont pas. Une étude transversale a été conduite dans l’année 2000 dans tous les etablissements scolaires secondaires dans la province de Halland sur la côte ouest de la Suède. Un questionnaire anonyme a été distribué dans toutes les classes d’élèves de 14, 16 et 18 ans. Le taux de réponse était 92,7% (n = 4049). Ceux qui avaient utilisés des androgènes anabolisants avaient en plusieurs égards des caractéristiques différentes de ceux qui ne l’avaient pas. Parmi les usagers, un plus petit nombre croyait que les androgènes pourraient causer des dégâts (OR = 0.15; 95% CI 0.08–0.30), et un plus grand nombre croyait que les filles préféraient des garçons avec de grands muscles (OR = 6.1; 95% CI 3.4–11.0). Les usagers s’entrainaient plus souvent dans les gyms (OR = 5.6; 95% CI 3.0–10.6), buvaient plus souvent de l’alcool (OR = 4.2; 95% CI 2.0–9.1) et avaient plus souvent utilisés des stupéfiants (OR = 15.3; 95% CI 8.5–27.5) par rapport aux non usagers. Il y avait plus d’immigrants que d’enfants innés parmi les usagers des androgènes (OR = 4.2; 95% CI 22–7.9). Les attitudes à l’égard des androgènes anaboliques différaient entre les usagers et les non usagers. Les résultats obtenus peuvent être utiles dans la préparation de programmes d’intervention pour changer ces attitudes et réduire l’usage d’androgènes anaboliques.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sverker Nilsson

Sverker Nilsson, M.D., Ph.D., is sportstraumatologist and team doctor for the Swedish national youth athletic team. Chief of the department of Primary Health Care in Varberg-Neptunuskliniken, he gained his Ph.D. in 2003 after studies of anabolic steroids among male adolescents in Sweden.

Fredrik Spak

Fredrik Spak, Associate Professor, is an expert on women and alcohol and also situated at the Department of Social Medicine in Gothenburg

Bertil Marklund

Bertil Marklund, Ph.D., Associate Professor, is the chief of the Research and Development Unit in Falkenberg. He is an expert in advising health care.

Amir Baigi

Amir Baigi, Ph.D., is a co-worker at the Research and Development Unit in Falkenberg. He is an expert in the epidemiological fields and statistical arena.

Peter Allebeck

Peter Allebeck, Ph.D., Professor, is the Chief of the Department of Social Medicine in Gothenburg. He is a world famous epidemiologist and expert in alcohol and other dependence problems.

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