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Abstract
Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is an activation-induced transmembrane receptor. Binding of CTLA4 to its natural ligands downregulates T-cell activation. Tremelimumab, a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody binds CTLA4 and prevents ligand interaction resulting in enhanced cellular immunity. Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical studies conducted during the development of tremelimumab. Methods: Data with tremelimumab from all relevant preclinical studies and clinical trials completed at the time of publication and submitted to scientific meetings or published in peer-reviewed journals were collected and analysed. Salient clinical aspects observed during its early development were also included. Results/conclusions: CTLA4 blockade with tremelimumab at 15 mg/kg every 3 months has demonstrated substantial antitumor activity and an overall safe profile in patients with advanced melanoma. Phase III studies in melanoma and earlier stages of clinical development in colorectal, pancreatic, breast, and non-small cell lung carcinomas are ongoing.
Acknowledgements
The author thanks the patients who participated in the clinical development of tremelimumab and to their family members. The author also thanks G Lopez-Berestein, JM Reuben, CA Parker, V Prieto, MI Ross, S Kim, CA Jimenez and the members of the Department of Melanoma at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; A Ribas (UCLA); K Ferrante, J Gomez-Navarro, C Bulanhagui and R Millham (Pfizer Global R&D); and T Fink PhD, at ProEd Communications, Inc.® for medical editorial assistance.