The role of renin–angiotensin system inhibition in the treatment of hypertension in metabolic syndrome: are all the angiotensin receptor blockers equal?

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as new Type 2 diabetes. MetS consists of visceral obesity, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism, atherogenic dyslipidaemia (elevated triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), as well as other metabolic abnormalities. The underlying pathophysiology seems to be largely, but not uniquely, attributable to insulin resistance. Existing antihypertensive drugs were designed to lower blood pressure rather than to modify the metabolic abnormalities associated with hypertension. This review considers the role of renin–angiotensin system inhibition and especially the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of hypertension in MetS. There are differences among ARBs. Among them is the uricosuric effect of losartan. Furthermore, telmisartan may function as a partial agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ).

Keywords::

• angiotensin receptor blocker
• hypertension
• insulin resistance
• metabolic syndrome
• telmisartan

Notes

AHA/NHLBI: American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.