A nanovesicle topical formulation of Bhut Jolokia (hottest capsicum): a potential anti-arthritic medicine

Abstract

Objectives: Bhut Jolokia is a capsicum variety indigenous to Northeast India and is recognized as the hottest capsicum variety of the world. The ethnobotanical survey revealed that it has potential anti-arthritic activity but its topical adverse events restrict its usability. In the present study, the semipurified capsaicinoids extract of Bhut Jolokia was formulated as a topical formulation via ethosomal nanovesicle approach, which enhanced the acceptability.

Methods: Prepared formulation was optimized by surface response methodology and characterized for morphology, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry study and permeation and penetration studies. The experimental formulations were characterized on Freunds complete adjuvant-induced chronic arthritis model.

Results: Ethosomal nanovesicles prepared with the semipurified capsaicinoids extract demonstrated good anti-arthritic activity in rat model, superior to Thermagel (a marketed formulation of capsaicin) in the reduction of joint swelling and pain throughout the observation period. Nanovesicle formulation showed better tolerability and acceptance on both animal and human models. Results obtained from the study strengthen the potential application of Bhut Jolokia semipurified extract in an ethosomal nanovesicle carrier as a topical analgesic as well as an anti-arthritic.

Conclusion: The significant positive results, with reduced irritant effect of the semipurified capsaicinoids extract of Bhut Jolokia-loaded ethosomal nanovesicle carrier, suggest that it could be one of the choices for formulation development in anti-arthritic medicine.

Keywords::

• analgesics
• arthritis
• Bhut Jolokia
• Scoville heat unit
• topical
• vesicles

Acknowledgments

The authors greatly acknowledge with thanks Late Prof. (Dr.) Ashoke Kumar Dolui for his novel ideas, righteous contribution and invaluable guidance toward the work presented. We express special thanks to Dr. BP Sarma (HOD), Department of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurvedic Medical College, Guwahati, and Dr. Mukamchem Yim and their team for performing a preclinical study of the novel formulation. We extend our sincere thanks to Chillies Export House, Virudhanagar, India, for providing us the gift sample of capsaicin and Natterman Phospholipid GmbH for providing Phospholipon 90G.

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