Physiologically based approaches towards the prediction of pharmacokinetics: in vitro–in vivo extrapolation

Abstract

In adapting to the challenge to make more informed selection of compounds for development, the pharmaceutical industry is increasingly embracing the application of mechanism-based models and prediction tools for prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters. This review first outlines the concepts and application of the major physiologically based prediction tools to extrapolate clearance, tissue distribution, and rate and extent of absorption from minimal in vitro or animal in vivo input data. Finally, the ability of these prediction tools, when placed within a generic whole body physiologically based model of pharmacokinetics, to predict plasma concentration–time profiles is briefly discussed.

Keywords::

• in vitro–in vivo extrapolation
• physiologically based pharmacokinetics
• prediction modelling and simulation

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank their many colleagues at Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development (Beerse, Belgium) for their continuous support and useful discussions. We thank R Mortishire-Smith and W Meuldermans for reviewing the manuscript.

Notes