Recent advances in genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis: genetic associations and therapeutic implications

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have confirmed that genetic factors are a key component in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and that those determining MS susceptibility have been extensively studied. Many papers have been published regarding the heritable differences useful in genetic studies; these include variations in DNA, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microsatellites and insertion/deletion polymorphisms. However, to date, among other regions, HLA is the only region confirmed to possess genes that determine MS susceptibility. In this article, we review the progress during the last 5 years in the studies on the susceptibility genes and the pharmacogenetics of MS. Newer techniques and methods of analysis will hopefully result in better screening of individuals who are at highest risk and novel treatments.

Keywords::

• ethnicity
• genetics
• HLA
• multiple sclerosis
• pharmacogenetics
• susceptibility genes
• therapy

Financial disclosure

The authors have no relevant financial interests, including employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties related to this manuscript.