From global proteome profiling to single targeted molecules of follicular fluid and oocyte: contribution to embryo development and IVF outcome

Abstract

The development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques for infertility management has led to the investigation of the proteome of follicular fluid and oocyte. In addition, different markers contributing to oocyte maturation and embryo development potential have been reported in the literature. Different techniques were utilized to analyze whole proteome or single protein markers in follicular fluid and oocytes, particularly in animal models. Data from several studies have generated large amounts of information, however, an ideal profile to predict the best oocytes and embryos suitable for implantation are still to be uncovered. The identification of such profiles and markers from follicular fluid, oocytes and endometrium should help scientists and clinicians develop better strategies to improving clinical outcome of IVF cycles.

Keywords:

• embryo implantation
• follicular fluid
• oocyte proteome
• oocytes quality

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Key issues

• Proteomic dialog among oocytes, cumulus cells and follicular fluid plays a key role: in oocytes meiosis resumption and maturation as well as in embryo developmental potential and endometrium receptivity.

• Follicular fluid is metabolically highly active micro-environment wherein the oocyte grows, and can therefore indirectly reflect folliculogenesis efficiency oocyte.

• Proteome analysis of follicular fluid in Assisted Reproductive Technology is particularly important to detect proteins in low abundance as these may have a key role in oocyte quality and clinical outcome.

• As oocytes are cells with unique features containing a protein storage which is used at fertilization and early embryonic development, it seems that the analysis of the oocyte proteome is a promising way to predict oocyte maturation and competency levels.