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Abstract
Immune-sensitive urologic malignancies include prostate, kidney and bladder cancers. To date, most immunotherapeutic treatments have been applied to advanced metastatic disease. Limited efficacy in this setting is likely due to an excessive disease burden, which overwhelms the capacity of the immune system. Immunotherapy has not been widely utilized in a low-disease-burden state – a setting in which the immune system may be best suited to effectively mount a clinically meaningful response. The emergence of high-intensity focused ultrasound, and more recently, low-intensity focused ultrasound technologies, have demonstrated not only immune-stimulatory effects but also an interesting capacity to alter tissue architecture and cell membrane properties, which may be exploited to increase tumoral uptake of drugs and vaccines. In this article, we review the literature supporting the novel use of ultrasound combination therapy with adjunctive agents in the treatment of urologic malignancy.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
Arie Belldegrun is a member of the US HIFU Board of Directors. US HIFU provided an education grant to the UCLA Institute of Urologic Oncology. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.