Pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults

Abstract

Pneumococcal disease remains a global problem despite the availability of effective conjugate vaccines. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) extends the valency of PCV7 by including six additional serotypes highly associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Comparisons between PCV13 and PCV7 or the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine have established noninferiority of PCV13 for both safety and immunogenicity profiles for use in children and adults, respectively. At the end of 2011, PCV13 had been approved and launched in 104 countries worldwide, with 54 including the vaccine in their pediatric national immunization program. Surveillance data from early adopters of PCV13 has indicated reductions are occurring in both overall IPD and IPD caused by the six non-PCV7 serotypes; early reports of serotype replacement in carriage are also emerging. While serotype replacement for PCV7 was observed to varying degrees for both carriage and disease, the extent to which this will occur for PCV13 is yet to be determined.

Keywords::

• conjugate
• efficacy
• herd protection
• immunogenicity
• pneumococcal vaccines
• Streptococcus pneumoniae

Financial & competing interests disclosure

JM Jefferies has received consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline. SN Faust acts as principal investigator for clinical trials conducted on behalf of the University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust/University of Southampton that are sponsored by vaccine manufacturers but receives no personal payments from them. They have participated in advisory boards for vaccine manufacturers but receive no personal payments for this work. SC Clarke currently receives unrestricted research funding from Pfizer Vaccines (previously Wyeth Vaccines) and has participated in advisory boards and expert panels for GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer and Novartis. They are investigators on studies conducted on behalf of the University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust/the University of Southampton/HPA that are sponsored by vaccine manufacturers but receives no personal payments from them. SN Faust, SC Clarke and JM Jefferies have received financial assistance from vaccine manufacturers to attend conferences. All grants and honoraria are paid into accounts within the respective NHS Trusts or Universities, or to independent charities. SN Faust receives support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) funding for the Southampton Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.