https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-9110
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Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the impact of gene (vitamin D receptor [VDR] polymorphisms) – environment (serum vitamin D and calcium levels) interaction on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. Materials & methods:FokI, BsmI, TaqI and ApaI genotyping were performed in 149 MS patients and 127 controls. We measured serum vitamin D and calcium levels. Results: No significant difference between VDR polymorphisms and MS risk was detected. In patients with FokI ff, BsmI Bb, TaqI Tt and ApaI AA genotypes, vitamin D levels were statistically higher. Serum calcium levels were significantly lower in patients with FokI FF, Ff, all BsmI and TaqI genotypes and ApaI AA and Aa genotypes. Conclusion: No significant association was found between VDR polymorphisms with MS risk.
Plain language summary
Vitamin D deficiency stands out as an important environmental factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). In recent years, the role of genetic factors associated with vitamin D has also been examined. In addition to the effects of smoking habit, exposure to ultraviolet rays, latitude and inflammatory diseases on MS risk, high vitamin D levels are thought to be protective. Therefore, investigation of genetic factors that play a role in vitamin D metabolism will be helpful in elucidating the etiology of MS disease and in the development of treatment options.
Author contributions
A Elkama contributed to data collection and processing, analysis and interpretation, literature research and drafted the manuscript. G Orhan contributed to medical practice and collected samples. B Karahalil contributed to conception and design, analysis and interpretation and revised the manuscript.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.
Ethical conduct of research
The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.