Evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Benodanil by using Allium and Micronucleus assays

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects of Benodanil fungicide by employing both mitotic index (MI) and mitotic phases on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa and genotoxic effects by using in vitro micronucleus assay (MN) in human peripheral blood lymphocyte. In the Allium root growth inhibition test, the EC₅₀ value was first determined as 25 ppm. Then, 2 × EC₅₀ value (50 ppm), EC₅₀ value (25 ppm), and 1/2 × EC₅₀ value (12.5 ppm) were tested with different treatment periods (24, 48, and 72 h). Both negative and positive controls were also used in parallel experiments. We obtained that mitotic index and prophase index decreased when compared with the control in all concentrations. In the micronucleus assay, lymphocytes were treated with various concentrations (250, 500, 750, and 1000 µg/ml) of Benodanil for 24 and 48 h. The results showed that Benodanil did not induce MN frequency in all concentrations of both treatment periods. Additionally, it was determined that this pesticide decreased nuclear division index (NDI) significantly. It was concluded that Benodanil has a cytotoxic effects depending on decreasing of MI and NDI.

Keywords:

• Allium test
• Benodanil
• cytotoxicity
• genotoxicity
• micronucleus assay

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank to Dr H. Shazly (Swansea-UK) for editing the language of the paper.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.