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Abstract
Purpose: The primary objective of the study was to determine the incidence of the various pathological conditions present at the base of the periocular cutaneous horns. The secondary objective was to study the presentation of these cutaneous horns with a view to finding any clinical indicators for premalignant, malignant and benign lesions at the base.
Methods: Prospective multicentre study of patients presenting with cutaneous horns. Informed consent followed by excision biopsy of the base lesion was performed in all the cases included for the study. The biopsy specimens were examined histologically and results analysed.
Results: Twenty-six patients presented with cutaneous horns in the periocular region over a period of 2 years, of these two patients presented with more than one cutaneous horn. 23 patients underwent excision biopsy. There were a total of 25 specimens. Of the base lesions 2/25 (8%) were malignant, 7/25 (28%) were pre-malignant and the remaining 16/25 (64%) were benign. Analysis of the findings on clinical presentation revealed no clinical indicators to correlate with the final histology.
Conclusion: The incidence of malignant and pre-malignant lesions present at the base of periocular cutaneous horns was 36% with 8% of them being malignant. It is important to perform an excision biopsy with histological diagnosis of the base of the cutaneous horn as there are no definite clinical features that point towards a potential for malignancy.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
For actively participating in the study, and for providing invaluable cases: Tristan TQ Reuser (Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK), Raghavan G. Sampath (University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK), Joyce Burns (University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK), Harpreet Ahluwalia (University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK), Jeremy D. Bowyer (University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke on Trent, UK), and Bimal Kumar (University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke on Trent, UK).
Declaration of interest: There was no financial support provided for this study. None of the authors of this article have any financial or proprietary interests related to this study. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.