Ischemia/reperfusion in rat: Antioxidative effects of enoant on EEG, oxidative stress and inflammation

Abstract

Primary objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether enoant, which is rich in polyphenols, has any effect on electroencephalogram (EEG), oxidative stress and inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Ischemia was induced by 2-hour occlusion of bilateral common carotid artery. Animals orally received enoant. Group 1 was the ischemic control group. Group 2 was treated with enoant of 1.25 g kg⁻¹ per day for 15 days after I/R. Group 3 received the same concentration of enoant as in group 2 for 15 days before and after I/R. Group 4 was the sham operation group. EEG activities were recorded and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, TBARS and GSH were measured in the whole brain homogenate.

Results: There were significant changes in EEG activity in groups treated with enoant either before or after ischemia when compared with their basal EEG values. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly increased after I/R. GSH levels in group 3 treated with enoant in both pre- and post-ischemic periods were significantly increased and TBARS concentration was decreased compared with the ischemic group.

Conclusion: The findings support that both pre-ischemic and post-ischemic administrations of enoant might produce neuroprotective action against cerebral ischemia.

• EEG
• ischemia/reperfusion
• oxidative stress
• inflammation
• polyphenols

Abbreviations
EEG	=	electroencephalogram
GSH	=	glutathione
IL-1β	=	interleukin 1 beta
IL-6	=	interleukin 6
I/R	=	ischemia-reperfusion
ROS	=	Reactive oxygen species
TBARS	=	thiobarbituric reactive substance
TNF-α	=	tumour necrosis factor alpha.

Abbreviations
EEG	=	electroencephalogram
GSH	=	glutathione
IL-1β	=	interleukin 1 beta
IL-6	=	interleukin 6
I/R	=	ischemia-reperfusion
ROS	=	Reactive oxygen species
TBARS	=	thiobarbituric reactive substance
TNF-α	=	tumour necrosis factor alpha.