Quantitative Evaluation of Ocular Surface Inflammation in Patients with Different Grade of Conjunctivochalasis

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate and compare HLA-DR expression of conjunctival epithelial cells in different grade of conjunctivochalasis (CCh).

Patients and Methods: Thirty patients and seven healthy subjects underwent clinical examination, grading of CCh by lid-parallel conjunctival fold (LIPCOF) test, and impression cytology of the bulbar conjunctiva. HLA-DR expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Schirmer test, tear break-up time, and vital staining were also performed.

Results: Patients who presented with mild and moderate CCh showed a similar expression of HLA-DR to normal subjects. A significant increase (p < 0.005) of HLA-DR was found in patients with severe CCh. Positive correlation was found between fluorescein staining and HLA–DR expression (r = 0.36, p = 0.009) and between lissamine–green staining and HLA-DR expression (r = 0.30, p = 0.027). Neither correlation was found between Schirmer test nor break up time and HLA-DR expression.

Conclusion: Inflammation plays a pivotal role on the ocular surface of patients with severe CCh. Since mild and moderate CCh HLA-DR expression was similar to normal controls, we can speculate that the source of inflammation could be the presence of conjunctival folds.

KEYWORDS::

• Conjunctivochalasis
• Flow cytometry
• HLA-DR
• Impression cytology
• Inflammation markers

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Declaration of interest: None of the authors has a proprietary interest and financial support in any material, devices or mentioned method.