Association between Gene Expression Profile, Proliferation and Metastasis in Uveal Melanoma

Abstract

Purpose: Uveal melanomas cluster into two molecular groups based on their gene expression profile. Tumors with the class 1 signature rarely metastasize, whereas those with the class 2 signature have a very high rate of metastasis. However, the biological basis for this metastatic propensity of class 2 tumors remains unclear. Towards such an explanation, this study was conducted to determine whether class 2 tumors have a higher proliferative rate than class 1 tumors.

Materials and Methods: The study included 28 primary uveal melanomas with extensive clinical, pathologic, and genetic annotation, including age, gender, ciliary body involvement, tumor basal diameter, thickness, cell type, gene expression profile, status of chromosomes 3 and 8p, aneuploidy, and clinical outcome. Immunopositivity for Ki-67 was determined by counting all positive nuclei in representative whole tumor sections.

Results: Ki-67 positivity was significantly associated with class 2 gene expression profile, loss of chromosome 3 and increased aneuploidy (P = 0.04, P = 0.004, and P = 0.03, respectively). Ki-67 positivity showed a borderline significant association with epithelioid cell type (P = 0.07). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of Ki-67 positivity, using the class 2 signature as an endpoint, identified a Ki-67 score of approximately 20 cells per high power field as the optimal cut-off point between low and high risk for metastasis (log rank test, P = 0.01).

Conclusions: On average, class 2 uveal melanomas have a higher proliferative rate than class 1 tumors. Further work is needed to determine whether loss of chromosome 3, increased aneuploidy, or other factors may be responsible for the increased proliferation.

KEYWORDS::

• Choroid
• Ciliary body
• Eye
• Gene expression profile
• Metastasis
• Proliferation
• Survival
• Uveal melanoma

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Declaration of interest: This work was supported by grants (to J.W.H.) from the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA125970), Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation, Kling Family Foundation, Tumori Foundation, Horncrest Foundation, and a Research to Prevent Blindness David F. Weeks Professorship. This work was also supported by awards to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences @ Washington University from a Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc. Unrestricted grant, and the NIH Vision Core Grant P30 EY02687c. J.W.H. and Washington University may receive income based on a license of related technology by the University to Castle Biosciences, Inc. This work was not supported by Castle Biosciences, Inc.