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Original Article

The Effect of Middle Ear Muscle Contractions on Sound Transmission Through the Human Ear

, &
Pages 557-562 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Considerable effort has been expended in the study of changes of impedance of the ear due to reflex contractions of the middle ear muscles (M.E.M.). But rather less effort has been directed to the possibly more fundamental problem of determining what effect these contractions have upon the transmission of sound through the human ear.

A new technique has been developed which gives quantitative values for the amount of attenuation of a low frequency tone that is produced by the M.E.M. in contralateral remote masking.

Experiments, using a 250 Hz masked tone delayed in discrete steps with respect to the high frequency masking tone or noise (+ 80 dB, SPL), show that there is an increase in masking between 100-200 msec delay that is attributable to reflex contractions of the muscles. Further data is presented, using a more refined technique, where the masked tone may be delayed with respect to the start of the masking signal (on/off time of 0.5 sec) over the range of from -250 to +750 msec and is continuously variable in delay over this range. This latter technique enables the effect of muscle contractions upon the transmission of sound, to be determined in greater detail and, in particular, may enable light to be thrown upon the role of the tensor tympani in the human ear.

This technique may also be used to determine the role of the M.E.M. in loudness evaluation.

Résumé

Si l'on a particulièrement bien étudié les changements de l'impédance de l'oreille à la suite des contractions réflexes musculaires de l'oreille moyenne, il semble qu'une attention moins grande ait été appliquée au problème cependant fondamental de la connaissance de l'effet que ces contractions peuvent avoir sur la transmission des sons à travers l'oreille humaine.

Nous avons mis au point une nouvelle technique évaluant quantitativement le degré d'atténuation d'un son de basse fréquence produit par la contraction musculaire de l'oreille moyenne à la suite d'un masking contro-latéral éloìgné. De nos expériences avec un son masqué de 250 Hz il ressort que l'accroissement de l'effet de masking par un son ou un bruit de fréquence élevée et d'une intensité de 80 dB peut ětre attribué aux contractions réflexes des muscles. Au cours d'expériences plus poussées nous avons pu éclairer d'un jour nouveau le rôle du tensor tympani dans l'audition humaine. Nous noterons enfin que notre technique peut ětre utilisée pour déterminer le rôle des muscles de l'oreille moyenne dans l'évaluation de la sensation auditive.

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