Prospecting for hyperaccumulators of trace elements: a review

Abstract

Specific plant species that can take up and accumulate abnormally high concentrations of elements in their aboveground tissues are referred to as “hyperaccumulators”. The use of this term is justified in the case of enormous element-binding capacity of plants growing in their natural habitats and showing no toxicity symptoms. An increasing interest in the study of hyperaccumulators results from their potential applications in environmental biotechnology (phytoremediation, phytomining) and their emerging role in nanotechnology. The highest number of plant species with confirmed hyperaccumulative properties has been reported for hyperaccumulators of nickel, cadmium, zinc, manganese, arsenic and selenium. More limited data exist for plants accumulating other elements, including common pollutants (chromium, lead and boron) or elements of commercial value, such as copper, gold and rare earth elements. Different approaches have been used for the study of hyperaccumulators – geobotanical, chemical, biochemical and genetic. The chemical approach is the most important in screening for new hyperaccumulators. This article presents and critically reviews current trends in new hyperaccumulator research, emphasizing analytical methodology that is applied in identification of new hyperaccumulators of trace elements and its future perspectives.

• Hyperaccumulators
• hyperaccumulator sampling
• hyperaccumulator sample treatment
• plant sample analysis
• trace elements

Acknowledgements

Sincere thanks are due to Professor Zdzisław Migaszewski for proofreading the manuscript and his constructive suggestions.

Declaration of interest

The authors acknowledge the support of research projects within the program “Knowledge and Economics – a development of scientific and business competence for the growth of regional economy competitiveness”.