Circadian Rhythms of Self-feeding and Locomotor Activity in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

Abstract

To investigate daily feeding rhythms in zebrafish, the authors have developed a new self-feeding system with an infrared photocell acting as a food-demand sensor, which lets small-size fish such as zebrafish trigger a self-feeder. In this paper, the authors used eight groups of 20 fish. Locomotor activity rhythms were also investigated by means of infrared sensors. Under a 12 h:12 h light (L)-dark (D) cycle, zebrafish showed a clear nocturnal feeding pattern (88.0% of the total daily food-demands occurring in the dark phase), concentrated during the last 4 h of the dark phase. In contrast, locomotor activity was mostly diurnal (88.2% of total daily activity occurring in the light phase). Moreover, both feeding and locomotor rhythms were endogenously driven, as they persisted under free-running conditions. The average period length (τ) of the locomotor and feeding rhythms was shorter (τ = 22.9 h) and longer (τ = 24.6 h) than 24 h, respectively. During the time that food availability was restricted, fish could only feed during ZT0–ZT12 or ZT12–ZT16. This resulted in feeding activity being significantly modified according to feeding time, whereas the locomotor activity pattern remained synchronized to the LD cycle and did not change during this trial. These findings revealed an independent phasing between locomotor and feeding activities (which were mostly nocturnal or diurnal, respectively), thus supporting the concept of multioscillatory control of circadian rhythmicity in zebrafish. (Author correspondence: [email protected])

Keywords:

• Activity patterns
• Feeding behavior
• Free-running rhythms
• Food restriction
• Synchronization

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) by the project AGL2007-66507-C02-02, Fundación Seneca by project 05690/PI/07 granted to F.J.S.-V., and by a predoctoral fellowship from University of Murcia granted to A.D.P.

Declaration of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.