Evaluation of Thermal Damage in a Pig Model

ABSTRACT

Background: Electrosurgical vessel sealing produces seals that can withstand intraluminal pressures well above the physiological range. In many cases it is more efficient than other methods, such as sutures, hemoclips, and ultrasonic coagulation devices, but bears lateral thermal damage as a side effect. The overall aim of this study was to compare the thermal lateral damage (TL) in vivo versus ex vivo using two different bipolar vessel sealing instruments in an epigastric vein animal model. Material and methods: A total of 96 thermofusions of bilateral epigastric veins were carried out in a prospective, randomized and controlled study design. The laparoscopic BiClamp (type Maryland) and the bipolar clamp Kelly model Clermont–Ferrand were used for ex vivo versus in vivo investigation. After exposure of the two bilateral epigastric veins the proximal sections were bilaterally coagulated in vivo with the two different instruments. For ex vivo coagulation, the uncoagulated section of the vein was removed and coagulated ex vivo. The TL was investigated by infrared measurement, light microscope and histological analysis. Results: The comparison of the extent of coagulation damage between ex vivo and in vivo coagulation did not differ significantly: no differences between in vivo and ex vivo measurements were found for the Kelly clamp. In the case of the Maryland clamp only a significant greater TL in vivo was shown for stereomicroscopic measurements. Conclusions: Ex vivo TL results are comparable with in vivo results. This might prospectively spare in vivo studies with respect to TL and might facilitate the design of future experiments for the development of bipolar electrocoagulation devices.

Keywords: :

• thermal damage
• animal model
• bipolar electrocoagulation
• ex vivo
• in vivo

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to thank Ali Reda, Dr. Markus Enderle, and Klaus Fischer for their support in designing the study protocol, performing the surgical experiments, and in the care of the animals.

Declaration of interests: The authors Rothmund R, Scharpf M, Fend F, Schenk M, Wallwiener D and Kraemer B have no conflicts of interest to disclose in relation to the submitted manuscript. The authors Schaeller D and Neugebauer A are employees of Erbe research department, Germany.