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Abstract
Platelet dysfunction plays a critical role in vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). But the relationship between platelet hyperactivity and its energy metabolic process remains unclear. This study was designed to explore alterations of platelet mitochondrial ATP production and the possible mechanism. A total of 39 T2DM patients without macrovascular and microvascular complications and 32 normal controls were fasting sampled. Platelet ATP content was measured by a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The flow cytometry technique was adopted to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), the stored force for platelet ATP production. Consequently, T2DM patients exhibited obvious hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, but normal platelet morphology. Platelet ATP content was significantly higher in T2DM (0.032 ± 0.010 µmol/109 platelets versus 0.017 ± 0.006 µmol/109 platelets, p < 0.001) than in the control group. Interestingly, ΔΨm was markedly decreased in T2DM patients (0.79 ± 0.18 versus 2.70 ± 1.03, p < 0.001) compared with normal controls. For whole subjects, a stepwise regression showed that plasma glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level positively correlated to platelet ATP content (β = 0.552, 95% CI = 0.072–1.451), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was negatively correlated to ΔΨm (β = −0.372, 95% CI = −0.471 to −0.089). These data support that hyperglycemia of T2DM promotes platelet mitochondria to generate more ATP, but decreases platelet mitochondrial potential. The discordance between them requires further researches to elucidate.
| Abbreviations | ||
| ΔΨm | = | mitochondrial membrane potential |
| acetyl-CoA | = | acetyl-coenzyme A |
| BDS | = | base deactivated silica |
| DBP | = | diastolic blood pressure |
| FFA | = | free fatty acid |
| FL1 | = | Florescence Channel 1 |
| FL2 | = | Florescence Channel 2 |
| FPG | = | fasting plasma glucose |
| JC-1 | = | 5′,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylBenzimidaZolyl-carbocyanine iodide |
| KOH | = | potassium hydroxide |
| MPV | = | mean platelet volume |
| MPW | = | mean platelet wideness |
| OHA | = | oral hypoglycemic agent |
| PMT | = | PhotoMultiplier tube |
| PPG | = | postprandial plasma glucose |
| PRP | = | platelet-rich plasma |
| SBP | = | systolic blood pressure |
| STZ | = | streptozotocin |
| T2DM | = | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TC | = | total cholesterol |
| TXA2 | = | thromboxane A2 |
| UCP | = | uncoupling protein |
| Abbreviations | ||
| ΔΨm | = | mitochondrial membrane potential |
| acetyl-CoA | = | acetyl-coenzyme A |
| BDS | = | base deactivated silica |
| DBP | = | diastolic blood pressure |
| FFA | = | free fatty acid |
| FL1 | = | Florescence Channel 1 |
| FL2 | = | Florescence Channel 2 |
| FPG | = | fasting plasma glucose |
| JC-1 | = | 5′,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylBenzimidaZolyl-carbocyanine iodide |
| KOH | = | potassium hydroxide |
| MPV | = | mean platelet volume |
| MPW | = | mean platelet wideness |
| OHA | = | oral hypoglycemic agent |
| PMT | = | PhotoMultiplier tube |
| PPG | = | postprandial plasma glucose |
| PRP | = | platelet-rich plasma |
| SBP | = | systolic blood pressure |
| STZ | = | streptozotocin |
| T2DM | = | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TC | = | total cholesterol |
| TXA2 | = | thromboxane A2 |
| UCP | = | uncoupling protein |