Identification of core functioning features for assessment and intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract

Purpose: Framed within a biopsychosocial approach, this study aimed to identify the main functionality dimensions that experts in the field of child development and child psychopathology considered as essential in the assessment-intervention process with young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), using the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health for Children and Youth. Method: The Delphi method was used to obtain consensus among experts regarding the essential functionality features for the rehabilitation of young children with ASD. Therefore, web-based three-round survey was developed. Results: There are more functionality features identified as more essential for the age group 3–6 than from the group birth-2 years of age. 49.4% of activities and participation dimensions were regarded as essential by experts, while only 13.9% of body functions were selected. 39.9% of environmental factors were also marked by experts as essential. Conclusions: Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) are classified in diagnostic manuals-DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10. These classifications are valuable to detect signs/symptoms of health conditions; however, they are often not sufficient to develop individualized interventions. More functional information is needed to complement diagnostic data. The identified functionality dimensions of the ICF-CY complement diagnosis by differentiating relevant functioning aspects in all life domains, according to the biopsychosocial model and should always be addressed in the process of rehabilitation of young children with ASD.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• The biopsychosocial approach is the most complete way of conceptualizing human development and disability; combining medical, social and functional perspectives.

• The ICF-CY specifies strengths and areas for improvement in the functionality of each individual, according to the biopsychosocial model of disability.

• This paper identifies core functioning features for the rehabilitation of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, in all dimensions of life, according to the biopsychosocial approach to disability.

Keywords::

• Autism
• biopsychosocial
• core-set
• functionality
• ICF-CY

Acknowledgements

The authors would also like to thank the collaboration of all the professionals that participated in this survey.

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that this study was funded by the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, and by the QREN, POPH, 7º Programa Quadro.