Optimizing social participation in community-dwelling older adults through the use of behavioral coping strategies

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to (1) determine the categories of behavioral coping strategies most strongly correlated with optimal seniors’ social participation in different activity and role domains and (2) identify the demographic, health and environmental factors associated with the use of these coping strategies optimizing social participation. Method: The sample consisted of 350 randomly recruited community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years). Coping strategies and social participation were measured, respectively, using the Inventory of Coping Strategies Used by the Elderly and Assessment of Life Habits questionnaires. Information about demographic, health and environmental factors was also collected during the interview. Results: Regression analyses showed a strong relationship between the use of cooking- and transportation-related coping strategies and optimal participation in the domains of nutrition and community life, respectively. Older age and living alone were associated with increased use of cooking-related strategies, while good self-rated health and not living in a seniors’ residence were correlated with greater use of transportation-related strategies. Conclusions: Our study helped to identify useful behavioral coping strategies that should be incorporated in disability prevention programs designed to promote community-dwelling seniors’ social participation. However, the appropriateness of these strategies depends on whether they are used in relevant contexts and tailored to specific needs.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Our results support the relevance of including behavioral coping strategies related to cooking and transportation in disability prevention programs designed to promote community-dwelling seniors’ social participation in the domains of nutrition and community life, respectively.

• Older age and living alone were associated with increased use of cooking-related strategies, while good self-rated health and not living in a seniors’ residence were correlated with greater use of transportation-related strategies. These factors should be considered in order to optimize implementation of these useful strategies in disability prevention programs.

• The appropriateness of these selected strategies depends on whether they are used in relevant contexts and tailored to specific needs.

• Activities of daily living
• adaptive behaviour
• community
• coping skills
• older adults
• participation

Acknowledgements

We would like to sincerely thank the study participants, as well as the research assistants who collected the data (Nancy Bergeron, Jacinthe Bouchard, Isabelle Bourdeau, Diane Durand, Céline Lefèbvre, Josée Mercier, Lucette Moquin, France-Hélène Therrien and Silvia Zanini), helped with the table preparation and manuscript editing (Karine Bélanger).

Declaration of interest

This study was carried out with financial support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number MOP-68871). The authors report no conflicts of interest.