Abstract
Objective: Psychiatry is awash with pharmacological acute behavioural disturbance protocols which list oral or intramuscular benzodiazepines and antipsychotics with numerous options. This results in frequent over-sedation and occasional profound sedation and death. This paper describes the development of a simplified sedation protocol for the pharmacological management of acute behavioural disturbance.
Method: Following the wider availability of intramuscular lorazepam in 2008, Metro North Mental Health developed a protocol utilizing only two products – oral or intramuscular lorazepam or olanzapine – which was subsequently developed into a statewide protocol.
Results: The advantage of utilizing only two sedating medications is that it greatly reduces the risk of profound sedation and theoretically reduces the risk of other complications including deaths. Clinical staff who have utilized the protocol report a reduction in over-sedation of inpatients.
Conclusion: A simplified protocol makes the pharmacological management of acute behaviour disturbance safer for both patients and staff.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank James Scott, Senior Lecturer in Early Psychosis, University of Queensland and Senior Staff Psychiatrist, MNMH-RBWH, for his helpful critical review, Mirriam Trevis and Fiona Kearney for their assistance in preparation of this document.
DISCLOSURE
Brett Emmerson has been a clinical trial investigator with Eli Lily and Janssen-Cilag. The other authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.