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Abstract
The leading cause of hepatic damage is drug-induced liver injury (DILI), for which currently no adequate predictive biomarkers are available. Moreover, for most drugs related to DILI, the mechanisms underlying the adverse reaction have not yet been elucidated. Urinary protein biomarker candidates for DILI have emerged in the past few years and correlate well with clinical studies for serum DILI biomarkers. The goal of this review was to investigate the use of urine as a source of protein biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury. Finally, we discuss some of the current strategies required to advance the field of biomarker discovery for DILI with respect to appropriate clinical biobanking and adequate translational research.
Declaration of interest
The affiliation of the authors is as shown on the cover page. This study was funded by the Top Institute Pharma consortium D3-201 “Towards novel translational safety biomarkers for adverse drug toxicity”. The Top Institute Pharma Consortium is funded by the Netherlands government. The sponsor had no involvement in the writing and content of the manuscript and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors have sole responsibility for the analyses performed and conclusions drawn.