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ABSTRACT
Background: Inadequate trophoblast invasion and the subsequent inflammatory response have been implicated in preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis. Because MYC-induced nuclear antigen (MINA) gene expression is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory response modulation, and the unpaired regulation of which is associated with human diseases, we sought to investigate the connection between MINA and PE.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between the MINA rs4857304 variant and susceptibility to PE development as well as to estimate placental MINA gene expression and its association with PE.
Methods: About 242 pregnant women (126 PE cases and 116 controls) were included. MINA genotyping and gene expression were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes.
Results: The G/G genotype of the MINA rs4857304 variant was associated with severe PE (p = 0.027, OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.8–3.2). Carriers of one G allele of the MINA rs4857304 variant exhibited a 1.7-fold increased risk of severe PE (p = 0.029, 95% CI = 1.1–3.0). MINA was underexpressed in preeclamptic placentas and MINA expression differed between the mild and severe PE groups. Differences in the expression levels of MINA were found among women with the T/T genotype of the rs4857304 polymorphism and carriers of at least one G allele (p = 0.024).
Conclusion: PE and its severity are associated with the underexpression of placental MINA, and the G/G genotype of the MINA rs4857304 variant may modify the risk of severe PE among the PE cases evaluated.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank all of the participants. We are grateful to the clinical staff of the Hospital de la Mujer Zacatecana-SSZ for their invaluable assistance in patient recruitment.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This work was funded in part by the following CONACYT Grants: -SEP-CB-2009-01-0128567, -FOMIX M0024-2013-01-203220, -SALUD-2010-138721, -SALUD-2012-01-181124, and -INFR-225520, -INFR-254106; Edition costs were covered in part by PROFOCIE (to CA-UAZ-207).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Edwin A. Reyes-Oliva
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Griselda A. Cabral-Pacheco
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Idalia Garza-Veloz
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Maria C. Aceves-Medina
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Martha Luevano
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Olga Y. Barbosa-Cisneros
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Marisol Galvan-Valencia
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Patricia Yahuaca-Mendoza
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Michelle Zamudio-Osuna
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Rosbel Vazquez-Castro
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Marycruz Guerrero-Saucedo
MLMF, MCAM, RVC, IPRS, MZO, and MGS participated in the coordination of patient recruitment. EARO, GACP, IGV, and IDE participated in data acquisition. MLMF, OYBC, MGV, PYM, EARO, and GACP performed data analysis and interpretation. MLMF, IGV, MEL, GACP, and EARO were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. MLMF conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.