Integrated approach to nitric oxide in animals and plants (mechanism and bioactivity): cell signaling and radicals

Abstract

Nitric oxide was first the object of extensive investigation in animals. It has been designated as the most widespread signaling molecule. An overview is presented with emphasis on cell signaling, mechanism, and physiological activity. Hence, a basis is provided for comparison of NO in plants with a similar approach. Mechanistically, cell signaling, electron transfer, radicals, and antioxidants are involved. A role is played by NO derivatives, such as peroxynitrite, nitroxyl, nitrite, nitrate, and S-nitroso derivatives. Comparison is made with ethylene. The multifaceted, interdisciplinary approach provides novel insight.

Keywords::

• Nitric oxide
• plants
• animals
• cell signaling
• signal transduction
• mechanism
• electron transfer
• radicals
• bioactivity

Acknowledgements

Editorial assistance by Thelma Chavez is acknowledged. We are grateful to Professor Shaul Wallach, Bar-Ilan University, for generous assistance.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.