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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

The Effects of the Military's Antidrug Policies over the Life Course: The Case of Past-Year Hallucinogen Use

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Pages 837-853 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

We analyze long-term trends in past-year hallucinogen use among veterans as compared to nonveterans. This topic is theoretically strategic because the military adopted stringent and successful antidrug policies in the mid-1980s, which serves as a natural experiment to examine the potential long-term impact of comprehensive drug policies on illegal drug use. Drawing on self-reported data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health in years 1985, 1988, and 1990–2010, the analysis uses age-period-cohort analysis to update trends in past-year hallucinogen use and to examine the impact of veteran status. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that a stringent antidrug policy can lead to a life-long reduction in hallucinogen use. Among birth cohorts who were young adults immediately before the implementation of the antidrug policies (those in the 1960–1964 birth cohort) odds of past-year hallucinogen use were twice as high for veterans as compared to nonveterans over the life course. This difference disappeared among birth cohorts that were young adults after the antidrug policies were implemented, when the prevalence of past-year hallucinogen use would be expected to be higher for veterans because of their significantly higher rates of illegal drug use in adolescence. After the drug-testing policies were implemented veterans actually had significantly lower prevalence of past-year hallucinogen use in comparison to nonveterans among the subgroup of respondents who reported a history of illegal drug use before age 18 (OR = .77, p < .01). These trends across veterans and nonveterans were not explained by trends in recruits’ tendencies for illegal drug use. These findings point to service in today's armed forces as a turning point that, overall, leads to a lasting, lifelong reduction in substance use.

RÉSUMÉ

La politique anti-drogue de l'armée et les carrières de toxicomanie: le cas de la consommation des hallucinogènes dans l'année écoulée

Nous analysons les tendances à long terme dans la consommation d'hallucinogènes, dans l'année écoulée, chez les vétérans par rapport aux non-vétérans. Ce sujet est stratégique parce que l'armée a adopté une politique anti-drogues stricte et réussie dans les années 1980, ce qui sert comme une expérience naturelle pour examiner l'impact potentiel à long terme des politiques anti-drogues compréhensives sur la consommation de drogues illégales. Employant des méthodes âge-période-cohorte, nous constatons que, après que la politique de dépistage de drogue a été mise en œuvre, dans l'année écoulée les vétérans ont eu une prévalence significativement plus faible de la consommation d'hallucinogènes par rapport aux non-vétérans. Ces constatations signalent que le service dans les forces armées d'aujourd'hui représente un tournant qui, dans l'ensemble, conduit à une réduction durable et permanente dans la consommation de substances.

RESUMEN

Programas contra el uso de la droga y tendencias del consumo en las fuerzas militares: El caso anual del uso de alucinógeno

Analizamos tendencias a lo largo plazo del uso del alucinógeno durante el ultimo año entre los veteranos comparados con los no-veteranos. Este tópico es estratégico en que durante la década de los ochenta, el ejército adoptó unos programas rigurosos y exitosos contra el consumo de droga, lo cual sirve como experimento natural para examinar el posible impacto a lo largo plazo que ejercen programas comprensivos anti-droga en el consumo ilegal de drogas. Implementando métodos de edad-periodo-cohorte, encontramos que después de implementar los programas de pruebas de detección del consumo de drogas, los veteranos mostraron una prevalencia reducida significativamente durante el año anterior del consumo de alucinógeno comparados con los no veteranos. Se puede concluir que servir en las fuerzas armadas de hoy en día produce un cambio que, en términos generales, conduce a una reducción durante toda la vida en la toxicomanía.

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