Combination of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and interleukin-18 as early biomarker for the diagnosis and progressive assessment of acute kidney injury following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: a prospective nested case–control study

Abstract

The aim of this nested case–control study was to assess the combined use of urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 and interleukin (IL)-18 for acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB). From a cohort of 122 subjects who underwent CPB, serial urinary KIM-1 and IL-18 concentrations were determined in 30 AKI and 92 non-AKI patients. An increased level of urinary KIM-1 was associated with the occurrence of AKI, whereas an increased level of IL-18 was related to progressive AKI. The combination of these two biomarkers facilitates the early diagnosis and assessment of the likely progression of AKI after CPB.

Keywords::

• Acute kidney injury
• biomarker
• cardiopulmonary bypass
• kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1)
• interleukin-18 (IL-18)

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (9151170003000015). We would like to acknowledge the cooperation of Drs Jian Zhuang, Jing-Song Huang, Yi-Qun Ding, Cong Lu and Wei-Ping Xiong (Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute) for their kind assistance in sample collection. We are grateful to Dr Yuantao Hao (School of Public Health, SUN YAT-SEN University) for kind help with the statistical analysis.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.