Abstract
Background aims. Gene-modified mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) provide a promising tool for cell and gene therapy-based applications by potentially acting as a cellular vehicle for protein-replacement therapy. However, to avoid the risk of insertional mutagenesis, targeted integration of a transgene into a ‘safe harbor’ locus is of great interest. Methods. We sought to determine whether zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated targeted addition of the erythropoietin (Epo) gene into the chemokine [C-C motif] receptor 5 (CCR5) gene locus, a putative safe harbor locus, in MSC would result in stable transgene expression in vivo. Results. Whether derived from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood (UCB) or adipose tissue (AT), 30–40% of human MSC underwent ZFN-driven targeted gene addition, as determined by a combination of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)- and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analyzes. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based analysis of gene-targeted MSC expressing Epo from the CCR5 locus showed that these modified MSC were found to secrete a significant level of Epo (c. 2 IU/106cells/24 h). NOD/SCID/γC mice injected with ZFN-modified MSC expressing Epo exhibited significantly higher hematocrit and Epo plasma levels for several weeks post-injection, compared with mice receiving control MSC. Conclusions. These data demonstrate that MSC modified by ZFN-driven targeted gene addition may represent a cellular vehicle for delivery of plasma-soluble therapeutic factors.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by funds from the CHU Ste-Justine Research Foundation and by the Canadian Institute of Health Research grant number IAO-79317 to C.M.B. B.F.B. holds a post-doctoral fellowship from les Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec. C.M.B. holds a Health Research Foundation Rx&D/CIHR young investigator award. We thank Gary Lee for generation of vectors, and Susan Abrahamson for reading of the manuscript.
Disclosure of interest: M. C. Holmes S. Yao, G. Friedman and P. D. Gregory are current employees of Sangamo BioSciences Inc.