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Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the time interval from treatment to relapse among patients with substance addiction. Some of the risk factors related to this interval were investigated. The sample (n = 352) was recruited from 16 substance addiction treatment facilities in four Norwegian counties. The respondents replied to a questionnaire either at waiting lists, when starting treatment, upon treatment completion or 3–12 months after treatment. Among these respondents, 160 patients had experienced a relapse after their prior treatment. Cox regression models showed that the relapse risk peaked during the first months after treatment. Older and employed patients had lower probabilities of early relapses. Patients who had an addiction pattern dominated by stimulants or cannabis had lower probabilities of early relapses compared with those who used opiates or alcohol. Inpatient treatment of short and long durability was associated with a longer time interval from treatment to relapse. Aftercare should be intensified during the first months after treatment. Treatment follow-up should be individually differentiated and target patients with higher risk of relapse. Interventions could aim to target adolescents and facilitate occupational activities for the patients before they leave the facilities.