Smoking during pregnancy and postpartum among Tunisian women

Abstract

Objective. The validity of self-reported smoking in population surveys remains an important question yet to be answered. This has been of particular concern in a situation where there is a strong social pressure against pregnant and postpartum women. An associated question is what would be the value of measuring urinary cotinine concentrations in such surveys to obtain validated smoking data.

Methods. Cross-sectional analysis of data on self-reported smoking and urinary cotinine among a sample of 398 pregnant women and recently pregnant, mothers of infants under the age of 2 months, who came to the Family Planning Clinic in Tunis urban area for either prenatal or newborn care. We used quantitative colorimetric urine test based on the könig reaction, in which pink-red chromophores formed from nicotine and its metabolites condensation with barbituric acid were extracted into acetate buffer.

Results. The smoking prevalence among Tunisian pregnant women or mothers of newborn infants was 4%. The validity of self-reported daily smoking was relatively low. Among women reporting no smoking at the interview 16% misreported active smoking. According to urinary cotinine values, the smoking prevalence was 18.8%.

Conclusions. These results substantiate the unreliability of self-report on smoking status among women in prenatal and postnatal period and have implications in clinical and education practice.

Keywords:

• Smoking
• women
• validity
• urinary cotinine
• Tunisia

Acknowledgements

Preparation of this paper was supported by a grant from Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research Unity of Tobacco Epidemiology and Control. Authors thank the National Office of Family and Planning to human and logistics support.