Prenatal lung-head ratio: threshold to predict outcome for congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Abstract

Objective: The literature suggests that lung-head ratio (LHR) and liver position may inconsistently predict outcome for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We reviewed our inborn neonates with isolated left-sided CDH to determine whether these variables predicted survival and to estimate the optimal LHR threshold. Methods: Prenatal LHR and liver position were obtained from 2002 to 2009. The primary endpoint was survival. Results: LHR was greater in survivors after adjusting for gestational age (median 1.40 versus 0.81; p < 0.001). LHR demonstrated excellent diagnostic discrimination, with area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.93 (95% CI 0.86–0.99). LHR threshold of 1.0 was 83% sensitive and 91% specific in predicting survival. An optimal LHR threshold of 0.85 predicted survival with 95% sensitivity and 64% specificity, reducing false negatives (survivors with low LHR). LHR > 0.85 predicted survival after adjustment for gestational age (OR = 33.6, 95% CI = 5.4–209.5). Liver position did not predict survival. Conclusions: Prenatal LHR >0.85 predicts survival for infants with isolated left-sided CDH without compromising discrimination of survivors from non-survivors. The diagnostic utility of LHR may be confounded by gestational age at measurement. Stringent LHR threshold may minimize false-negative attribution and improve utility of this measurement as predictor of survival.

Keywords::

• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
• lung-head ratio
• survival

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to recognize Dr. Marc S. Arkovitz for an important contribution to the conception of this study.

Declaration of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.