Alteration of endothelial function markers in women with gestational diabetes and their fetuses

Abstract

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their fetuses would demonstrate alterations in markers of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction and these changes would correlate with the levels of hyperglycemia through a pilot observational case-control study of women with GDM and their fetuses.

Methods: Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), eNOS, p22-phox, and SOD gene expression, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) counts in both maternal and cord blood were measured at the time of delivery in women with and without GDM.

Results: We demonstrated the presence of decreased maternal circulating EPC counts, increased soluble adhesion molecules in maternal blood, decreased SOD expression in both maternal and cord blood and increased eNOS expression in both maternal and cord blood in women with GDM.

Conclusions: These data suggest that the molecular mechanisms behind oxidative stress in women with GDM and their fetuses appear similar to those hypothesized for non-pregnant adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Keywords::

• Endothelial dysfunction
• gestational diabetes mellitus
• oxidative stress

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr Lisa Korst at the University of Southern California for her great help with reviewing the manuscript and providing assistance with the statistical analysis. N.M.M., J.G.O., L.Y., S.G.L., and K.E.R. designed the study. L.Y. enrolled patients and supervised study operations, and N.M.M. and K.E.R. performed the laboratory procedures and performed the statistical analyses. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the data and the writing of the manuscript.

Declaration of Interest: This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Number 5R01HL082722-02). Seed funding was also provided by Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California.