Preconception endurance training with voluntary exercise during pregnancy positively influences on remodeling markers in female offspring bone

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we investigate the effects of preconception endurance training with or without voluntary exercise during pregnancy on indices of bone formation and resorption in female offspring bone.

Methods: Twenty-four C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into four groups: trained in preconception period and exercised during pregnancy (TE); trained in preconception periods but unexercised during pregnancy (TC); untrained in preconception periods but exercised during pregnancy (CE); untrained and unexercised (CC). Trained dams were subjected to a protocol of moderate exercise training over a period of 4 weeks before pregnancy. Analyses were performed on the adult female offspring that did not have access to running wheels in any portion of their lives.

Results: The OPG, Runx2, COLI, ALP, and OPN mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in offspring born to dams that was trained in preconception period. However, there was no significant difference in OPG, COLI, Runx2, and ALP expression in TE and TC offspring (p > 0.05). RANKL and osteocalcin expression were significantly down-regulated in TE offspring group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Improved physical fitness in preconception period results in significant changes in bone gene expressions of female offspring, in particular towards osteogenic responses with improved RANKL/OPG ratio.

Keywords:

• Bone
• offspring
• preconception period
• physical fitness

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the staff in animal care laboratory of Iran University for their help with animal care and handling. The authors are grateful to Ali Dadseresht for assistance with providing laboratory environment to perform exercise training in preconception period and sample collection.

Declaration of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.