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Original Articles

Auditory evoked response to gaps in noise: Older adults

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Pages 211-225 | Received 13 Aug 2009, Accepted 20 Sep 2010, Published online: 08 Mar 2011
 

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the auditory evoked response to silent gaps for a group of older adults using stimulus conditions identical to those used in psychophysical studies of gap detection. Design: The P1-N1-P2 response to the onsets of stimuli (markers) defining a silent gap for within-channel (spectrally identical markers) and across-channel (spectrally different markers) conditions was examined using four perceptually-equated gap durations. Study Sample: A group of 24 older adults (mean age = 63 years) with normal hearing or minimal hearing loss participated. Results: Older adults exhibited neural activation patterns that were qualitatively different and more frontally oriented than those observed in a previous study (Citation) of younger listeners. Older adults showed longer P2 latencies and larger P1 amplitudes than younger adults, suggesting relatively slower neural travel time and altered auditory inhibition/arousal by irrelevant stimuli. Conclusion: Older adults appeared to recruit later-occurring T-complex-like generators for gap processing, compared to earlier-occurring T-complex-like generators by the younger group. Early and continued processing of channel cues with later processing of gap cues may represent the inefficiency of the aging auditory system and may contribute to poor speech understanding in noisy, real-world listening environments.

Sumario

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las respuestas evocadas auditivas ante brechas de silencio para un grupo de adultos mayores utilizando condiciones de estimulación idénticas a aquellas usadas en estudios psico-fisiológicos de detección de brechas. Diseño: Se examinaron las respuestas P1-N1-P2 ante los inicios de estímulos (marcadores) que definen una brecha de silencio en condiciones dentro del canal (marcadores espectralmente idénticos) y entre canales (marcadores espectralmente diferentes), usando cuatro brechas de duración perceptualmente ecualizada. Muestra del Estudio: Participó un grupo de 24 adultos mayores (edad media = 63 años) con audición normal o con una pérdida auditiva mínima. Resultados: Los adultos mayores exhibieron patrones de activación neural que fueron cuantitativamente diferentes y más frontalmente orientados que aquellos observados en un estudio previo (Citation) con oyentes más jóvenes. Los adultos más viejos mostraron latencias más prolongadas de P2 y amplitudes mayores de P1 que los adultos jóvenes, sugiriendo un tiempo de tránsito en el nervio relativamente más lento y una alteración de la inhibición-estimulación auditiva para estímulos no relevantes. Conclusion: Los adultos mayores parecen reclutar generadores tipo complejo T de aparición tardía para procesamiento de brechas, comparado con los generadores tipo complejo T de aparición más temprana de los adultos jóvenes. Es posible que el procesamiento temprano y complejo de claves por canal, con el procesamiento tardío de claves de brecha, pueda representar la ineficiencia del sistema auditivo que envejece y que contribuye a una pobre comprensión del lenguaje en ambientes de escucha ruidosos del mundo real.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Lauren B. Stack for her assistance in data collection. Portions of the data described here were presented at the meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology in 2006 in Baltimore, USA; the 28th International Congress of Audiology in 2006 in Innsbruck, Austria; the Aging and Speech Communication conference in 2009 in Bloomington, USA; and the conference of the American Speech Language Hearing Association in 2009 in New Orleans, USA.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no declarations of interest. This work was supported by a grant (R03AG024589) from the National Institute on Aging.

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