Gender specific associations of serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in anxiety

Abstract

Objectives. Whereas animal models indicate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in anxiety-related behaviour, little is known about BDNF in patients with an anxiety disorder. We tested the hypothesis that serum BDNF levels are low in patients with an anxiety disorder as compared to healthy controls. We further examined the associations of gender and some of the clinical characteristics of anxiety with BDNF levels. Methods. Serum BDNF levels were determined in 393 unmedicated, non-depressed patients with social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder (66.7% females) and in 382 healthy controls (62.0% females). Results. Overall, there were no differences in BDNF levels among patients and controls, regardless of type of anxiety disorder. Analyses stratified by gender revealed that female patients had lower levels of BDNF relative to female controls (P < 0.05, d = 0.19), which was stronger in female patients with > 1 anxiety disorder (P < 0.01, d = 0.32). BDNF levels were similar among male patients and controls and unrelated to the clinical characteristics of anxiety. Conclusion. Our results mirror preclinical findings indicating that gender plays a role in the association between BDNF and anxiety and suggest that BDNF might play a role in the pathophysiology of anxiety in women.

Key words::

• BDNF
• anxiety
• gender
• neurotrophin hypothesis
• depression

Acknowledgements

The NESDA study infrastructure is financed by the Geestkracht program of ZonMW, the Dutch Scientific Organization-Medical Sciences (grant nr. 10.000.1002) and by complementary funding from participating mental healthcare institutions (GGZ Buitenamstel, GGZ Drenthe, GGZ Friesland, GGZ Geestgronden, GGZ Rivierduinen, and Lentis) and Universities (Leiden University Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and VU University Medical Center). BDNF measurements were financed with NWO (Dutch Scientific Organization) VIDI-grant (grant nr. 016.085.353) awarded to dr. Elzinga. Contribution of dr. Oude Voshaar was made possible by a NWO Clinical Fellowship (grant nr. 907.0023.1).

Statement of Interest

None.