An exercise trial targeting posterior shoulder strength in manual wheelchair users: pilot results and lessons learned

Abstract

Purpose: Because wheelchair users are unable to use standard fitness equipment such as treadmills and bikes, we developed an upper body rowing ergometer (UBRE) that can be retrofitted onto a standard stationary cycle and used to perform a rowing exercise. We validated a graded exercise testing protocol utilizing the UBRE and completed a 12-week pilot intervention to compare the training effects of the UBRE to a standard arm cycle ergometer (ACE) in manual wheelchair users. Methods: Repeat graded exercise tests were compared on the two pieces of equipment. Twenty-seven manual wheelchair users participated in the intervention. Outcomes included pre- versus post-test change in shoulder pain, strength and cardiorespiratory fitness measures. Results: Testing results obtained with the UBRE were comparable to those on the ACE. In the exercise intervention, most outcome measures did not change significantly, but individuals assigned to the UBRE were able to increase their peak exercise test power by 31 W and duration by 3.6 min. Conclusion: There is biomechanical reason to believe that rowing exercises may improve shoulder muscle balance in this population, which could reduce the risk of impingement. This may be of benefit to manual wheelchair users, who are at high risk for shoulder injury.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Regular exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness and did not exacerbate shoulder pain in this group of manual wheelchair users.

• Exercises that target posterior shoulder muscle groups, such as rowing, may improve muscle balance and reduce the risk of shoulder impingement.

• Participation in exercise is hindered in this population by a high rate of secondary health conditions and difficulty accessing facilities and equipment.

• Arm cycle ergometer
• cardiorespiratory
• cardiovascular
• oxygen uptake
• pain
• rowing
• VO₂

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Carolyn Muller and the staff at the Helen M. Galvin Health and Fitness Center at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. Funding for this research was provided by a grant from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (H133E070029).