The development and predictive value of gestures in very-low-birth-weight children: A longitudinal study

Abstract

The present study analysed the development of gestures between 0;9–1;3 years, and the predictive value of this development for language skills at 2;0 in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) children. Participants were 32 VLBW children and their 35 controls. The data on gestures was gathered using the Finnish version of the Communicative Development Inventory (FinCDI). At 2;0, the language skills of the children were assessed using the Reynell Developmental Language Scales (RDLS III) and the FinCDI. The number of acquired gestures was lower in the VLBW children than in the controls. The development of gestures correlated significantly with later expressive language in both groups, but significant correlations between the development of gestures and later receptive language development were detected only in the VLBW group. When the predictive value of gestures and early expressive and receptive lexicon with regard to later language skills were analysed, the development of gestures at 1;3 had good predictive value for poor language performance at 2;0. In addition, a small receptive lexicon size at 1;0 and at 1;3 was also a good predictor for later language performance. The development of gestures and receptive lexicon thus jointly provide clinically valuable information on the emerging language skills of VLBW children.

Keywords::

• Very-low-birth-weight children
• preterm children
• development of gestures
• language development
• assessment
• early identification

Acknowledgements

This study is part of the PIPARI study. The members of the PIPARI study group include Satu Ekblad, Eeva Ekholm, Leena Haataja, Mira Huhtala, Pentti Kero, Riikka Korja, Harry Kujari, Helena Lapinleimu, Liisa Lehtonen, Marika Leppänen, Hanna Manninen, Jaakko Matomäki, Jonna Maunu, Petriina Munck, Pekka Niemi, Pertti Palo, Riitta Parkkola, Jorma Piha, Annika Lind, Liisi Rautava, Päivi Rautava, Milla Ylijoki, Hellevi Rikalainen, Katriina Saarinen, Matti Sillanpää, Suvi Stolt, Anniina Väliaho, Päivi Tuomikoski-Koiranen, and Tuula Äärimaa. The present study was supported by the Academy of Finland. We would like to thank psychologists Anu Haavisto, Riikka Korja, Annika Lind, and Petriina Munck for assessing the cognitive development of the children.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.