Genetic identification and phylogenetic relationships of Indian clariids based on mitochondrial COI sequences

Abstract

Mitochondrial cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) sequence variation among the clariid fishes of India (Clarias magur, C. dussumieri and C. gariepinus) and their relationship with other representative clariids was studied in this work. Three species were sampled and together with 23 COI sequences from GenBank were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in the family Clariidae. The study revealed two clades: one consisting of the African species with C. dussumieri, and the other of Asian species suggesting the prevalence of intra-continental diversification of catfishes. This study further revealed that the genus Clarias is monophyletic. For the COI gene, the interspecies genetic divergence ranged from 0.056 to 0.182. The mean genetic difference between C. dussumieri and other selected African species in this study is 12.1%. It was also observed that the morphological similarity of C. dussumieri and C. magur was not replicated in the genetic level. Clarias dussumieri was more close to African catfish C. gariepinus thus indicating the utility of COI phylogeny to identify the well-known African-Asian relationships within catfishes. The results also showed that C. magur and C. batrachus are genetically distinct from each other.

• Catfish, Clarias
• COI
• mitochondrial genes

Acknowledgements

The scientific advice by Dr P. R. Divya, Senior scientist of NBFGR and other anonymous reviewers is also acknowledged.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. The authors greatly acknowledge the funding from KSCSTE, Trivandrum and the Director, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources for providing Lab facilities at Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, Kochi.