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Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) is still a considerable factor in hospital morbidity and mortality. This clinical condition occurs in up to 25% of critically ill patients. Mortality in these patients varies widely depending on the cause. ARF in the context of a large pericardial effusion and pericardial tamponade has not often been reported. This paper presents a case of life-threatening pericardial tamponade and a consecutive rapid onset of ARF. Successful treatment with pericardiocentesis was performed, which was followed by restitution of renal function.